Kappa Aorists

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Three verbs form the aorist active indicative singular with /κ/, lengthening of the base vowel, and athematic α personal markers. In the plural, they are asigmatic and athematic. These verbs are /δο/, /θε/, and /Jε/, and they conjugate as follows.

δο/ “give”

	Singular	Plural
1st Person	ἐ/δο/κ/α > ἔδωκα	ἐ/δο/μεν > ἔδομεν
2nd Person	ἐ/δο/κ/ας > ἔδωκας	ἐ/δο/τε > ἔδοτε
3rd Person	ἐ/δο/κ/ε > ἔδωκε	ἐ/δο/σαν > ἔδοσαν

θε/ “put”

	Singular	Plural
1st Person	ἐ/θε/κ/α > ἔθηκα	ἐ/θε/μεν > ἔθεμεν
2nd Person	ἐ/θε/κ/ας > ἔθηκας	ἐ/θε/τε > ἔθετε
3rd Person	ἐ/θε/κ/ε > ἔθηκε	ἐ/θε/σαν > ἔθεσαν

Jε/ “throw”

	Singular	Plural
1st Person	ἐ/Jε/κ/α > ἕηκα > ἧκα	ἐ/Jε/μεν > εἷμεν
2nd Person	ἐ/Jε/κ/ας > ἕηκας > ἧκας	ἐ/Jε/τε > εἷτε
3rd Person	ἐ/Jε/κ/ε > ἕηκε > ἧκε	ἐ/Jε/σαν > εἷσαν

Jε/ is a notoriously annoying verb. Because J is a consonant (/y/), the verb uses the ἐ/ past time marker. Then J drops and becomes a rough breathing. The ἐ/ past time marker, then, contracts with the vowel of the base: ἐἡ- (/ehē/) to ἡ- (/hē/) in the singular and ἐἑ- (/ehe/) to εἱ- (/hey/) in the plural. The intermediate forms of the singular (ἕηκα, ἕηκας, and ἕηκε) are found in Homer.

In all other forms, these verbs are normal asigmatic athematic aorists:

     δο/τε > δότε (aorist active imperative, second plural)
     θε/ντ/ος > θέντος (aorist active participle, genitive singular)
     ἐ/Jε/μεθα > εἵμεθα (aorist indicative middle, first plural)