Sigmatic Aorist Indicative Middle

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If you know how to form the sigmatic aorist indicative active, simply replace the personal markers with these and now you have the sigmatic aorist indicative middle:

ἐ/ or L/

BASE

/σ/

/αμην   /αμεθα /ασο*   /ασθε /ατο      /αντο

* Intervocalic σ drops in the second person singular /ασο. We find uncontracted /αο in Homer. In Attic and Ionic, /αο contracts to /ω:

     ἐ/λυ/σ/ασο > ἐλύσαο (Homeric) > ἐλύσω (Attic and Ionic)
     “you released yourself”

A conjugated verb in the sigmatic aorist indicative middle looks like this:

γραφ/ “write”

	Singular	Plural
1st Person	ἐ/γραφ/σ/αμην > ἐγραψάμην	ἐ/γραφ/σ/αμεθα > ἐγραψάμεθα
2nd Person	ἐ/γραφ/σ/ασο > ἐγράψω	ἐ/γραφ/σ/ασθε > ἐγράψασθε
3rd Person	ἐ/γραφ/σ/ατο > ἐγράψατο	ἐ/γραφ/σ/αντο > ἐγράψαντο

In the indicative, the personal markers /αμην, /ασο, /ατο, and /αντο are used only in past time formations. In other words, they too function as past time markers.

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Vocabulary for this lesson (click here for the full lexicon)