Asigmatic Aorist Indicative Middle

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If you know how to form the asigmatic aorist indicative active, simply replace the personal markers with these and now you have the asigmatic aorist indicative middle:

ἐ/ or L/

BASE

/σ/

/ομην   /ομεθα /εσο*   /εσθε /ετο      /οντο

* Intervocalic σ drops in the second person singular /εσο. We find uncontracted /εο in Homer, contracted /ευ in Ionic, and contracted /ου in Attic:

     ἐ/γεν/εσο > ἐγένεο (Homeric) > ἐγένευ (Ionic) or ἐγένου (Attic)
     “you became”

A conjugated verb in the asigmatic aorist indicative middle looks like this:

πυθ/ “inquire”

	Singular	Plural
1st Person	ἐ/πυθ/ομην > ἐπυθόμην	ἐ/πυθ/ομεθα > ἐπυθόμεθα
2nd Person	ἐ/πυθ/εσο > ἐπύθεο > ἐπύθευ or ἐπύθω	ἐ/πυθ/εσθε > ἐπύθεσθε
3rd Person	ἐ/πυθ/ετο > ἐπύθετο	ἐ/πυθ/οντο > ἐπύθοντο

In the indicative, the personal markers /ομην, /εσο, /ετο, and /οντο are used only in past time formations. In other words, they too function as past time markers.

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Vocabulary for this lesson (click here for the full lexicon)